Uncertainties in modelling the low-frequency wave-induced global loads in ships

The present paper targets uncertainties of wave-induced rigid-body ship responses with a focus on global wave loads. review presents general concepts and modelling the uncertainty in linear non-linear low-frequency relevance these for practical applications shipping industry as rule development process, structural reliability analysis, uncertainty-based decision support systems, health monitoring consequently, digital twins are addressed. Incentives recommendations future research provided. study is performed within ISSC (International Ship Offshore Structures Congress) ITTC Towing Tank Conference) Joint Committee promoting common understanding matters related to description waves marine structures.